Friday, August 24, 2018

59. FILIPINA BATHING BEAUTIES: Evolving Swimwear and Sensibilities


AMERICAN BATHING BEAUTIES through the years. (1900s-1950s)
Image: www.ebay.com

America introduced to the world a new pictorial genre of the female shape that would come to be known as the Bathing Beauty. The rapid evolution of the swimsuit contributed to this phenomenon, which transformed from heavy, shapeless outfits in the early 1900s to the two-piece bikini which showed more shape, skin and sass.


1940s PIN-UP ICON, BETTY GRABLE, posing in her bathing suit, painted on the nose of 
the B-17 Flying Fortress, nicknamed ‘Sentimental Journey’. 1944.
            Image: The Star, WWII Bomber visits Canada, Along with 1940s Pin-up Icon:             https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2013/06/28/wwii_bomber_visits_canada_along_with_1940s_pinup_icon.html

The American Bathing Beauty, however, was seen not in Olympic pools as a competitor, but as a sexy inspiration (or distraction) for thousands of American boys marching off to world wars. Who can forget the indelible image of  a swimsuit-clad actress Betty Grable and her million dollar legs, painted on the nose of a bomber plane? Or the millions of pin-up posters of Rita Hayworth, Dorothy Lamour,  Carole Landis and Noel Neill that adorned the walls of soldiers’ bunkhouses?


PRETTY BEACH BABES ALL IN A ROW, c. 1920s.
            Photo: www.ebay.com

On the beach, instead of warding off the male gaze with maximum body coverage, it now became acceptable (even a little patriotic) for women to begin to respond to masculine attention, as well as to gratify the camera’s eye.

However, the image of a Filipina as a Bathing Beauty was inconceivable even at the height of the American presence in the Philippines (1920s-1930s), where influence in fashion styles and mores was at its strongest. While it was true that sajonistas took to wearing flapper dresses and  shorter skirts, the donning of a swimsuit took much daring and courage.


EAST MEETS WEST. 1929 Miss Philippines Pacita de los Reyes shakes the hand of 
1926 Miss America, Mary Campbell. Their attires are still a world apart.
Photo: Alex Castro Collection.

For all her exposure to American modernism that includes images of provocatively aggressive Western vixens, the Filipina still held fast to her age-old values shaped by her culture and religion, as exemplified by Rizal’s Maria Clara character from his novel, “Noli Me Tangere” .

The religious Maria Clara was depicted as a woman of virtue, a pure soul—“shy, demure and self-effacing, loyal to the end”. Rizal exalted her as the ideal image of a Filipina deserving of a place on the “pedestal of male honor”. Maria Clara also perpetuated a native attire that required a woman to be swathed in layers upon layers of clothing pieces, beginning with a camisa, a voluminous saya, a pañuelo, and  tapis that were laboriously tucked, pin, and wrapped around her body.


MARIA CLARA UNWRAPPED. Left, Maiden in baro’t saya, sitting on a river rock, early 1900s. 
Right: Actress Rosa Rosal in a bathing suit, sitting on a river rock, 1951.
            Photo: Alex Castro Collection.

Over time, beginning in the 1930s, the Filipina began to shed off these layers—one piece at a time--as new ideas of leisure and recreation began to emerge. So did a new flirtatiousness in swimwear design that called for comfort, ease of movement and freedom. Bulky fabrics, corsets and unsightly undergarments were abandoned, necessitating the exposure of and collarbones, ankles and elbows, cleavage, and more flesh, slowly but surely. Then, in the 1950s, the rise of contemporary beauty pageants began making the wearing of swimsuits de riguer for candidates.  And so, ikevenus arising from the sea,  the Filipina Bathing Beauty was born.

PRE-SPANISH: Wrapped and Ready for Her Bath

Jesuit Pedro Chirino’s book “Relacion de las Islas Filipinas”, published in Rome in 1604, not only gave us  an excellent description of  17th century Philippines, but also its inhabitants—our forebears--by chronicling their daily habits. In fact, a whole chapter was devoted to the Filipinos’ bathing practices.


 BAYWATCH BABES. Filipina bathers in wrap-around sarongs take a 
plunge at the Manila Bay in Ermita area, ca. late 1800s.
            Image: Fernando, Gilda Cordero., Turn of the Century, GCF Books, Quezon City, Philippines. © 1978. P. 60.

“From the day they are born these islanders are raised in the water, and so from childhood both men and women swim like fish and have no need of a bridge to cross rivers.” Of the female bathers, Chirino noted: “They bathe at all hours indiscriminately, for pleasure and cleanliness…They bathe crouching and almost sitting down, out of modesty, with water up to their neck and with extreme care not to expose themselves, even if there is no one around to see them…”


A PUBLIC BATH HOUSE FROM 1792. Filipinos, mostly women,  
swimming and frolicking in the privacy of a bath house.
            Image: Juan Ravenet. "Casa de baños en Manila" (Bath houses in Manila). 
1792. Museo    Naval (Madrid) Collection.

People then preferred to take their baths at sunset, after work, in a river. By the late 18th century, public baths were seen in Manila, both patronized by men and women. An old print shows such an example, where a portion of a body of water was enclosed with nipa and bamboo and equipped with steps and handrails.


VISAYAN BELLE IN A PATADYONG, a pre-Spanish wrap-around loose skirt worn 
by women, especially in the Visayan lowlands, similar to the Indonesian sarong.
            Image: Best, Jonathan. A Philippine Album. American Era Photographs 1900-1930. 
Bookmark, Makati City, 1998.p. 30.

The bathing outfits of these early Filipinas included wrap-around skirts or tube skirts (patadyong or malong) with ends gathered and tucked in, under the armpits. Others seem to be taking a dip in their basic house clothes—blouses and skirt. In any case, they seemed to be oblivious to their various states of deshabille, lost in the enjoyment of their aquatic moment.

THE SPANISH PERIOD (1800s-early 1900s) : Swimming With Your Saya On.

Fashion in 19th century Philippines brought a new sense of modesty, aligned with the dictates of social and  Catholic religious  attitudes.  One wore a collarless camisa  with a folded pañuelo  pinned over it to hide the cleavage. Matched with a full, wide skirt (saya) with a long trains, the skirt was then wrapped once more  with knee-length overskirt called tapis.


WADE IN THE WATER. Believe it or not, women dressed in simplified baro’t saya plus a head covering, even for water excursions. Taken at San Juan Baño, Arayat, already a favorite resort destination back in the 1900s.
            Image: Alex R. Castro Collection

Outdoorsy Filipinas often went to picnic dressed in simplified versions of such native outfits—but with a shorter saya, minus the pañuelo,  and a bandana to cover the head. The bakya was an indispensable foot gear, as the wooden shoes can taken off anytime for quick river wade.

The same was true in the Western world—American ladies in the 1870s trooped to the beach completely covered, wearing unflattering woolen bathing suits that hid both arms and legs. Many women even wore stockings and lace-up shoes to the beach.  Sailor-inspired suits worn with bloomers or drawers came into vogue in Europe, but this did not catch on in the Philippines, although these became popular with Filipino children.

THE AMERICAN YEARS

1910s: The Shape of Things To Come.
The  Australian“underwater ballerina”, Annette Kellerman, created a sensation—and a outrage—when she came to the U.S. in 1907 to perform her famous swimming and diving act, dressed in a formfitting swimsuit that bared her arms, legs and neck. So controversial was her swimsuit that in Boston, she was arrested for indecent exposure.


SOMETHING NEW, SOMETHING OLD. A group of female excursionists.  Note the younger girls in Western-style swim-suits. The girl with a head wrap in the foreground has covered herself with a floor-length robe. The rest—who probably just waded in the river—are in low-waisted American fashions. The matrons are still in their baro’t saya.
            Image: Alex R. Castro Collection

Kellerman was vindicated when the 1912 Summer Olympics accepted female swimmers from 17 countries  to compete in the aquatics events. Seven swimmers wore one-piece swimsuits similar to Kellerman’s.  Carl Jantzen, whose Portland Knitting Company in Oregon created rowing suits for athletes, was inspired to design and market the first functional two-piece swimwear of wool, a close-fitting one-piece with short sleeves on top and shorts on the bottom. This would later be improved in 1915,  with the launch of the first rib-stitched Jantzen brand in 1915, also the first to be called as “swim suit”.


SWIMMING UNDER THE INFLUENCE. An early picture of Filipinas bathing in 
Western clothes, discreetly taken with men around. Ca 1918.
Image: Alex R. Castro Collection

Women switched to this new “swimsuit”, as shoulders and legs became more interesting enough to be exposed. Finally, they had a swim wear designed for the public display of these liberties, and not just for the free play of active bodies.

Demure Filipinas found this American view too hard to accept. With Catholic conservatism deeply-entrenched in our culture, the thought of displaying one’s body in these skin-revealing suits was just appalling. Torn between her values and the call of American modernism, it would take more time and effort for a Filipina to start removing the veneers of her old-fashioned modesty.


ROLLING IN THE DEEP.  In these dresses, these girls look more suitably garbed for shopping than for swimming. One is even in a long-sleeved dress. In contrast, the boys have no trouble getting into their swimwear. Image: Alex R. Castro Collection

But, she was willing to compromise. She ditched her baro’t saya for the more conveniently-designed and lighter Western dress, which she wore in her beach and river excursions. It was a strange compromise—especially when one sees photos of girls in ruffle-collared dresses with their male friends in swimsuits---but the Filipina Bathing Beauty is getting there, one little dainty step at a time.

1920s: The Filipina In The Swim of Things, Finally.
 The first swimming pool in the Philippines was constructed at Fort McKinley, when the YMCA opened in 1907. Soon, swimming pools were all over the city, including those of the American Columbian Club, YMCA Manila,, Manila Polo Club, which spurred interest in water sports.


POLO CLUB PADDLERS. American women and their children taking a dip  in
 the exclusive-for-Americans only swimming pool of Manila Polo Club, ca. 1926.
            Image: Van Den Muijzenberg, Otto. The Philippines Through American Lenses.
 Ateneo    de Manila University Press, 2008. P. 159.

At first, only American men were invited to participate in aquatic events as in the case with American Columbian Club’s first swimming meet in 1911. The next year, the meet was opened to Filipino swimmers. Up until the 1913 Far East Games held in Manila, only male swimming events were on the program.

It was only in the 1920s that water sports were opened to Filipinas when the University of the Philippines and Philippine Women’s College began training students in competitive swimming as part of their Physical Education subjects. American women by then, wear donning new swimsuits that were more figure-hugging than any previous swimwear. Upper thighs came into view, and the natural lines of the body were visible at last.


SWIMSUIT COMPETITION. The pioneer batch of Filipina swimmers 
posing in period swimsuits before their competition at the Philippine Natatorium, 1925.
            Image: Philippine Progress Report, “Fashion on the Go”, 1957.

As expected, Filipinas were slow to follow this fashion trend. When the pioneering U.P. Filipina swimmers made their first appearance at a swimming meet in 1925 at the Philippine Natatorium in Manila, they were dressed in swimsuits alright, but in styles that were at least 10 years behind. While the sleeveless tops freed the arms, the bottoms were still loose, bulky drawers and baggy bloomers.

1930s: Streamlined Ladies and Sarong Girls
In the more Americanized 1930s, Filipinas began embracing western-style couture. There was nary a problem with wearing skimpy swimsuits in the competition pool. Swimming was becoming a popular women’s sport, and during the 1934 Far East Games trials, U.P. mermaids came dressed in close-fitted knits that permitted real swimming. The athletic swimsuits had a daringly-low cut back, that were also perfect for the new sunbathing fad.


ATHLETIC CUT.  Swimmers in official competitive swimwear at the 
1934 Far East Games National Trials. Among those who made the cut for 
the national team were the two daughters of jurist-hero Jose Abad Santos: Amanda and Luz.
            Image: Graphic Magazine, May 10, 1934, p. 28

Outside of the sports arena, wearing the new swimsuits was done with more caution. Many still recall how Violeta Lopez, a  leading candidate for the 1930  Manila Carnival Queen crown dashed all hopes of victory, when she refused to wear a bathing suit during a pre-judging event. Her defiance won her praise, and she was hailed for her courage in a time when the nation was experiencing a breakdown of this “womanly virtue of modesty”.


U.P. MERMAID. Rosario Ruiz Zorrilla was in the same batch with Violeta Lopez, the candidate who lost in the 1930 Manila Carnival Queen search supposedly for refusing to wear a swimsuit. Zorrilla took up swimming at U.P, so wearing a bathing suit was no big deal. She placed 4th at the finals.
            Image: Woman’s Home Companion, 1975.

The 1930s also saw the rise of a new Bathing Beauty mold that was a perfect fit for the Filipina. Western eyes have always been fascinated with visions of a long-tressed,  island girl in a wrap-around skirt. She would become one of the indelible images associated with the exotic Far East, along with swaying palm trees, nipa huts and tropical jungle heat.

Hollywood would take this picture of a woman in a “sarong” (a Malay term for a skirt wrap) and perpetuate it on screen while holding her up as shapely icon of the South Seas. 


CAN’T GO WRONG WITH A SARONG. Actress Leila Moreno, channeling the aura 
of a strong and sultry South Sea maiden, in her tropical print sarong.
            Image Alex R. Castro Collection

While Hollywood had their “Sarong Queen” in Dorothy Lamour, the Philippines had the likes of Rosa del Rosario, who appeared sarong-clad in the 1937 film, “Zamboanga”, a saga set in the Sulu Sea. In later years, actresses like the curvaceous Lilia Dizon (dubbed as “Bathaluman of the Philippines” ) and Leila Moreno would join the sarong set.


ISLAND GIRL. Covergirl Virginia Warne as an sarong-wrapped jungle beauty. 
She became the wife of Bob Razon, dean of glamour photography. 
            Image: Quintos, Floy, ed., Bob Razon: A Life Devoted to the Salon Style.

The birth of salon photography  that flowered in the 1930s—led by Sun, Venus, Trianggulo and Juan dela Cruz Studio—further imprinted this type of Filipina Bathing Beauty in the minds of Filipinos.  It would be elevated to fine art with Bob Razon , when he established his renowned studio “Bob’s” along Avenida in 1946. For the next decades, Bob’s would immortalize Filipinas at their most glamorous, in or out of their swimsuits.

1940s: Bosom Bodies 
In 1940, the stirrings of a world war were still far from the consciousness of Filipinos who continued to bask in the relative prosperity of the peacetime era.  Excursions, picnics and swimming parties preoccupied the leisure time of the young generation.
In the years before the war, female swimwear made great strides in styling. Focus shifted from the long sexy legs to the woman’s bosom, which was accentuated through swimsuits that molded the breasts with shirrings, darts and tucks.


IN THE BOSOM OF FRIENDS. A girl gang at a poolside resort. The first three girls are wearing the newer swimsuit styles that accentuate the breasts, and the rest are wearing cotton dresses. 1940.

A few brave Filipinas tried this kind of swimsuit  but a majority still  wore bahing dresses with short skirts that were a throwback from past generations—although improved with the use of lighter fabrics and prettified with colorful prints.


IMELDIFIC BODY. Teenager Imelda Marcos in a contemporary 
bust-defining bathing suit, but with a skirt bottom. 
          Image: Pedrosa, C. The Untold Story of Imelda Marcos. 
1st ed. Parañaque City: Navarro .Pedrosa Publishing, 1969.

Filipinas were not quite ready to have their bosom become their centers of attention, so they deferred wearing this new fashion statement for the next decade, with the launch of sponsored beauty contests that would become our national obsession.

Just when everyone thought that world peace had been attained in 1946, French designer Louis Réard dropped the bomb with a scanty outfit made from 4 tiny triangle fabric pieces. He had a stripper model his creation in a poolside fashion show, and a new swimwear—and scandal—was born: the Bikini.

1950s: Beauties, Bombshells and Bikinis

 
PAGEANT PATTY: An early beauty pageant in Manila. 1953
            Image: Alex R. Castro Collection

The fifties decade proved to be a major turning point for swimwear design as well as  Filipino attitude towards Western modernism in sartorial style. On record, the first post-war national beauty contest was the 1947 corporate pageant of Philippine Airlines that saw the crowning of Evangelina de Castro as Miss Philippines. In 1951, the first Boys Town-sponsored search for Miss Philippines was held, a title won by Teresita Villareal.


FIGURE FLATTERY.  Jean Sanderson, a 1952 Miss Philippines candidate, stuns in
 this figure-hugging swimsuit that molded the breasts—perfect for more provocative posing.
            Image: The Sunday Times Magazine

In 1952, when Miss Universe-- “the First International Tournament of Beauties”--was launched by United Pictures International, Catalina Swim Suits, and Pan-Am Airways, the Philippines was invited to send its delegate for the planned 1953 event in Long Beach. Local organizers sounded a call for applicants, with a clear  stipulation  that the girls must be ready to wear bathing suits, as the international contest rules made it mandatory for the contestants to wear Catalina-made swimsuits in Long Beach.


WHO’S GOT THE OOMPH?  Miss Philippines Teresita Sanchez gingerly takes 
her place among bathing beauties competing at the first-ever 1953 Miss Universe Pageant.
            Image: George Silk © LIFE Archives

And so, when U.S.T. secretarial student Teresita Sanchez was crowned as the first-ever Miss Philippines, she became the first ever Filipina to compete in a bathing suit at an international beauty pageant.


SMIZE IT, GIRL!. Miss Philippines 1952, Teresita Sanchez, tries to look fierce for the camera.
Image: George Silk © LIFE Archives

 Sanchez wore a modern strapless Catalina swim suit cinched at the waist, which provided support for the bust from below, thus highlighting the female torso. Judging from her photos from the contest, our lovely bet seemed ill at ease exposing her body to the universe.


NAVEL ATTRACTION! Actress Lydia Montañez wears a bare midriff number consisting of a bra and short trunks for this 1951 film Note the blurb: “the picture with legs and one big heart”.Image: Alex R.Castro Collection

Two swimwear fads from previous decades would go mainstream in the 1950s and create quite a splash. The “Bare Midriff” was seen as early as the 1930s, where the two-piece midriff-baring creation consisting of a bra and shorts-like trunks were favored by women in posh, private resorts. Though considered vulgar to be worn in public, similar designs of midriff-baring suits and tops were often seen in American teen magazines in the 1950s. 


GIRL IN A BIKINI. The bikini is forever associated with French femme fatale
 Brigitte Bardot ever since she graced the Cannes Film Fest in the sexy floral two-piece in 1951.
            Image: www.ebay.com

The aforementioned salacious Bikini that shocked the world in 1946 started to achieve a measure of acceptance when blonde bombshell Brigitte Bardot wore a floral bikini at the Cannes Filmfest in 1953. She popularized a trend continued by Raquel Welch and Ursula Andress, who flaunted the risqué swimwear in films and in public beaches.

Their Filipina counterparts, however, no matter how daring and open they claim to be, would not touch the Bikini until the 1960s—with sex sirens Divina Valencia and Stella Suarez showing the way.

1960s: Two-Piece Eye Treats
While California Girls were cavorting on beaches in their itsy-bitsy string bikinis, Filipina ladies continued to be wary of the Bikini. Beauty contests have been attracting colegialas from Catholic schools in limited number, due to the strict rules of these institutions against improper behavior. Wearing of swimsuits was deemed indecent,  parading before a leering audience was a bigger sin.


ROYALTY IN PLAYSUITS. Miss Philippines 1963, Lalaine Bennett 
was crowned in a playsuit, along with her court.
            Image: Sunday Times Magazine, 1963.

As such, two-piece bare midriff outfits became the safer alternatives to the bikini—“playsuits” they call them, which looked more like abbreviated resort wear than swimsuits. Miss Philippines 1963 Lalaine Bennett was crowned in a white playsuit, consisting of a sleeveless top and body-hugging shorts that hid the navel. The experience  was unnerving for many of the contestants.


SUITED FOR THE CROWN. Gemma Cruz wowed the crowds watching the 1965 Miss International with her swimsuit presentation, even if it was her first time to parade in one before an audience. Gloria Diaz, on the other hand, made it as one of the Top 10 Best in Swimsuit at the Miss Universe 1969 contest.
Image: Sunday Times Magazine, 1964, 1969.

Gemma Cruz had to go through the same experience the next year, but at the Miss International Contest in Long Beach, she refused to wear a swimsuit for a pictorial. At the session, she put on a Maria Clara costume while her fellow candidates were in swimsuits. During the actual contest which had a swimsuit competition segment, Gemma had no choice but to wear one. She acquitted herself well, gliding on stage in her official blue one-piece swimsuit—this, despite the fact that she had never worn one in public before. She went on to win the plum title of Miss International 1965. Four years later, Gloria Diaz would be adjudged one of the 10 Best in Swimsuit, en route to winning our first Miss Universe crown.


 A BEVY OF BIKINI BODS. In the 1966 film, “Sungit Conference”, 
actor Rodolfo Garcia plays the role of a secret agent, shown here flanked by
            Image: Video 48

For up and coming showbiz sexpots, there was very little hesitation in wearing the teeny-weeny Bikini.  One of the earliest actresses to wear them was Divina Valencia and her arch rival, Stella Suarez. Valencia wore one in 1964, for the film  “Agent 69” starring Max Alvarado. In 1966, Lucita Soriano wore a hot pink bikini number for the 1966 movie, “Sungit Conference” along with a bevy of alluring starlets.

Local ”bikini” movies, patterned after the Elvis beach movies,  were also produced in 1967:  “Bikini Beach Party” and “The Gold Bikini”, which starred American import Elizabeth Thompson and Stella Suarez.

1970s-80s: The Way of the Flesh
Inhibitions were finally let loose in the revolutionary 1970s as Filipinas in all their swimsuited glory became the object of affection of camera lenses. While the standard of this era was the simple, low-cut, one-piece swimsuit popularized by Farrah Fawcett, the saucy bikini was finding its way on the pages of PIC, the first local girlie magazine published in 1971.

SCARLETT FEVER. One of the more famous star from the age of 
“bomba” movies of the 70s, Scarlett Revilla, sizzles in a bikini. 1971.

            Image: PIC Magazine

The barrier-breaking publication devoted photos of Filipinas who bared more for the eager eyes of the world, never mind the lousy quality of print production. Some of those who posed in and out their bikinis  were stars of the “bomba” craze: Yvonne, Rizza, Monica Locca, Scarlett Revilla. But many more were young, ambitious ingenues willing to take a shortcut to stardom through skin shows on print.


BIKINI WATCH: A shapely model in a Madras print bikini, modest by today’s standards. 1971.
            Image: PIC Magazine

The 70s decade saw much experimentation with swimsuit fabrics, with designers working with leather, velvet, crocheted squares, fur and metallic Lurex. A breaktrhough synthetic fiber fabric was developed in the 80s, that would give competitive swimming a big boost. Spandex (an acronym of “expands’) and Lycra swimwear felt like second skin yet it also had superior elasticity and strength.


STAR FOR ALL SWIMWEAR. Vilma Santos vamps it up in a high-cut dance swimsuit in a TV show.
            Image: Fashion Pulis

Style-wise, swimwear with high cut bottoms were all the rage, as they give maximum exposure to a woman's legs and thighs to the max, elongating the silhouette while showing off her natural contours. High cut leg swimsuits would not only drive the popularity of tangas and thongs, but would also spawn a new beauty service business: waxing. Media censors were mortified to see cheek-baring tangas worn on TV by sexy  dancing stars like “Tanga Queen” Alma Moreno and Vilma Santos.


BARE AND BROWN IS BEAUTIFUL. Tetchie Agbayani, simply bodacious on the pages of Playboy.
            Image: Video 48

But a 21 year-old Filipina beauty queen would take the display of feminine sensuality to the extreme in 1982—not in a swimsuit, but in her birthday suit.  Tetchie Agbayani made history by becoming the first Filipina to pose nude for the German edition of  Hefner’s famous Playboy Magazine.  By so doing, she showed us how to be comfortable in our own skin, though hounded no end by moral crusader Polly Cayetano. Agbayani also proved that swimsuits don’t make a woman, but the confidence to do what she believes in.  Which is why the world has never lost sight of the beautiful Filipina,  not even for for a second, ever since. 


SOURCES:
Timeline of Art History The Bikini:
Hollander, Anne. “Swimsuit Illustrated”, American Heritage, July/August 1990.pp. 58-65.
“A Smalltown Parades its Beauties”, Sunday Times Magazine, January 13, 1957
“The Bathing Suit in Asia”, Sunday Times Magazine, April 19, 1959

PHOTO SOURCES
Photo, Bomber with Betty Grable: The Star, WWII bomber visits Canada, along with 1940s pin-up icon: https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2013/06/28/wwii_bomber_visits_canada_along_with_1940s_pinup_icon.html
Photo, U.P. Swimmers at the Far East Games trials: May 10, 1934 issue, p. 28
Photo, Rosa Rosal, Movie Song Literary Magazine, 1951
Photo, Teresita Sachez at Miss Universe 1952: George Silk © LIFE Archives
Photo, Lucita Soriano: Agent 69: Video 48


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